What happens to people
after a disaster or other traumatic event?
Shock and denial are typical responses
to large-scale natural disasters, especially shortly after the
event. Both shock and denial are normal protective reactions.
Shock is a sudden and often intense disturbance of your emotional
state that may leave you feeling stunned or dazed. Denial involves
your not acknowledging that something very stressful has happened,
or not experiencing fully the intensity of the event. You may
temporarily feel numb or disconnected from life.
As
the initial shock subsides, reactions vary from one person
to another. The following, however, are normal responses to
a traumatic event:
•
Feelings
become intense and sometimes are unpredictable. You may
become more irritable than usual, and your mood may change
back and forth dramatically. You might be especially anxious
or nervous, or even become depressed.
•
Thoughts
and behavior patterns are affected by the trauma. You
might have repeated and vivid memories of the event. These
flashbacks may occur for no apparent reason and may lead
to physical reactions such as rapid heartbeat or sweating.
You may find it difficult to concentrate or make decisions,
or become more easily confused. Sleep and eating patterns
also may be disrupted.
•
Recurring
emotional reactions are common. Anniversaries of the event,
such as at one month or one year as well as reminders
such as aftershocks from earthquakes or the sounds of
sirens, can trigger upsetting memories of the traumatic
experience. These 'triggers' may be accompanied by fears
that the stressful event will be repeated.
•
Interpersonal
relationships often become strained. Greater conflict,
such as more frequent arguments with family members and
coworkers, is common. On the other hand, you might become
withdrawn and isolated and avoid your usual activities.
•
Physical
symptoms may accompany the extreme stress. For example,
headaches, nausea and chest pain may result and may require
medical attention. Pre-existing medical conditions may
worsen due to the stress.
